Tuesday, 26 March 2013

Hypervisor - Introduction

A Hypervisor is also known as a Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) which is a piece of software or hardware that's responsible for creating and running virtual machine's. Servers which run hypervisor's with one or more virtual machines are known as host nodes. A Virtual machine is also known as guest as its a guest system on the host node. The hypervisor provides the layer for running guest operating systems which are a virtual operating platform and manages the execution of the guest operating systems.

There are two types of hypervisors: Type 1 (Native or Bare Metal) and Type 2 (Hosted).

Type 1:

Type 1 hypervisor runs directly on the host's hardware to control the hardware and to manage guest operating systems. A guest operating system thus runs on another level above the hypervisor. This model represents the traditional implementation of virtual machine architectures. IBM developed the original hypervisors; SIMMON, and CP/CMS as a test tool, in 1960s. CP/CMS was the ancestor of IBM's z/VM. Modern equivalents of this are Oracle VM Server for SPARC, Oracle VM Server for x86, the Citrix XenServer, VMware ESX/ESXi, KVM, and Microsoft Hyper-V hypervisor.

Type 2:

Type 2 hypervisor runs within a conventional operating system environment. With the hypervisor layer as a distinct second software level and the guest operating systems run at the third level above the hardware. BHyVe, VMware Workstation and Oracle VirtualBox are examples of Type 2 hypervisors.

Around 2005, Unix and Linux server vendors realized the need of using Virtualization technology among Unix and Linux servers. The following are the factors which played key role in introducing virtualization technology among the Unix and Linux community.

  • Enhancing hardware capabilities in order to allow each machine to do more simultaneous work
  • Cost effectiveness and simplicity in management
  • Controlling cluster installations and large multiprocessors
  • The improved device independence, reliability and security
  • The ability to run complex OS-dependent applications in different hardware or OS environments

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